What do you understand by ordinary share? Explain dilution in regards to it?
Here is a list that explains ordinary share and dilution in regards to it under IAS 33:
- Ordinary shares: Ordinary shares are also known as common shares and represent the basic ownership interest in a company. Ordinary shareholders are entitled to vote at shareholder meetings and receive dividends if the company makes a profit. Ordinary shares are usually the most common type of share issued by companies and are traded on stock exchanges.
- Dilution: Dilution refers to a reduction in the ownership percentage of existing shareholders as a result of the issuance of additional shares. Dilution can occur when a company issues new shares to raise capital, or when existing shareholders exercise their right to purchase additional shares. The issuance of new shares can dilute the ownership percentage of existing shareholders and reduce the earnings per share (EPS) of the company.
- Diluted earnings per share (EPS): Diluted EPS is a measure of the profit or loss that is attributable to each outstanding share of a company's stock, assuming that all potentially dilutive securities, such as stock options and convertible bonds, are converted into ordinary shares. Diluted EPS takes into account the potential dilution of earnings per share that may result from the issuance of additional shares or securities.
- Dilution effect on EPS: The dilution effect on EPS occurs when additional shares or securities are issued, which can reduce the EPS of existing shareholders. For example, if a company has 1,000,000 ordinary shares outstanding and issues an additional 100,000 shares, the EPS of existing shareholders will be diluted. If the company's net profit remains the same, the EPS will decrease as the number of shares outstanding increases.
- Calculation of diluted EPS: IAS 33 requires companies to calculate both basic and diluted EPS. Diluted EPS is calculated by adjusting the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding for the potential dilution that could result from the conversion of potentially dilutive securities into ordinary shares.
Overall, ordinary shares represent the basic ownership interest in a company and are subject to dilution if the company issues additional shares or securities.
Dilution can have a negative impact on EPS, and companies are required to calculate both basic and diluted EPS in their financial statements under IAS 33.